Power Amplifier

Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC can be used to measure voltage and current simultaneously. The series of volt meters & ampere meter with PIC16F876A PIC is used as a data processor voltage and current are measured.  This circuit uses the viewer in the form of 16 × 2 LCD used for the data menmpilkan voltage and current measurements. In the article volt meter and ampere meter with PIC are discussed kerannya limited to devices only. More detail can be seen from the image sequence volt meter and ampere meter with PIC below.  The images of Volt Meter & Ampere Meter With PIC Circuit Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC  

The existence of the peak indicator "Audio Peak Indicator" in an audio device is needed. Audio Peak indicator is a simple circuit to detect the peak level of audio signal. Audio Peak indicator circuit is built with duabuah transistor and LED indicator as peak level detection of audio signals. The main function of a series of Audio Peak indicator is to determine the occurrence of the peak level of audio signal that is more than +4 dB, equivalent to 1.25 V rms. If the received audio signal Audio Peak Indicator more than +4 dB was the LEDs in series Peak Audio This indicator will light. Audio Peak indicator circuit is mounted on the output audio system. Audio Peak Indicator Component List: R1 = 10Kohm R2 = 1.2Kohm R3 = 220Kohm R4-5 = 4.7Kohm C1 = 47uF 25V C2 = 2.2uF 25V Q1-2 = BC550C D1 = LED RED We hope to form the reference materials in the manufacture of circuit pernagkat Audio Peak Indicators in the audio readers.

Battery Level Monitor Circuit This simple circuit can monitor the charging process in 12 Volt Lead Acid battery or Tubular battery. The status of LED indicates whether the battery is accepting charge or not. It also indicates the full charge condition. Battery Level Monitor Circuit Diagram The circuit can be incorporated in any battery charger like 6 volt, 9 volt, 12 volt etc. The only change needed is replacement of the Zener ZD with appropriate value. That is for 6 volt charger , use 6.1 volt Zener and for 9 volt charger it should be 9.1 volt Zener. The circuit is based on the switching of two NPN transistors (BC547) to drive the corresponding LED. Zener diode ZD is connected to the base of T1 so as to switch on T1 when the Zener conducts. This happens only when the battery voltage is above 12 volts. Green LED lights when the battery voltage is normal or battery attains full charge. Resistor R1 and Preset VR adjust the base bias of T1 for smooth switching. When T1 conducts, base of T...

Magnetometers are scientific instruments that are used to measure the direction and strength of magnetic fields in the location that the device is located. They are used both on Earth as well on space exploration missions due to the significant variations that are found in magnetic fields based on the nature of the environment, interaction of charged particles from the sun, and the magnetosphere. Why Are Magnetometers Used? Magnetometers are not just used to measure the local strength of a magnetic field, however, as they can also determine their own direction and orientation. Many times the design of a magnetometer will be tweaked to match the specific quality of the device that is more important to the user. Some magnetometers are designed with a sensitivity that is great enough to detect increased sun activity before it is detectable by a visual observer which can provide an early warning of adverse effects on communications equipment. The traditional use of a magnetometer is to obs...

Digital Thermometer 0-100.0°C is a digital thermometer that operates in modetemperature measurement in Celsius (° C). Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C in this article uses data processor in the form of a microcontroller AT89C4051. Temperature sensors used in Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor LM35D. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It uses the temperature measurement data viewer in the form of 1 line LCD viewer. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It can display the temperature measurement data with a resolution of 0.1 ° C. Digital Thermometer Circuit Diagram Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These temperature sensors make use of LM35D as temperature sensing. In Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor measurement data this LM35D (Level Voltage) is then converted into 4-bit binary data using the ADC CA3162. Then the 4-bit data from ADC CA3162 which is a measurement of data if the temperature is in the AT89C4951 microcontroller so that it becomes an oper...

Mechanical deficiencies that affect the reproduction of sound in a stereo amplifier is probably what you are thinking, armpit all the problems have been overcome. And actually bigger role than we know. True, the effect is so small that only a few of us who record it, or divert it to other things. Most of such shortcomings can be traced back toto the stereo volume control ,maybe two in the no -stepresistance . As a result, the volume difference arises between the two channels and can usually be in balance again by the regulator balance. If you intend to define these differences precisely, stereo balance these indicators can fulfill your purpose. Stereo Balance Indicator circuit Quite simply, this circuit by connecting the output terminal and the right channel loudspeaker left channel of the amplifier and feed the same signal, should sinusoid (or cues mono) to the second input channel amplifier. If then the signals at both terminals tarafnya exact same loudspeakers, meters (zero in the m...

IC 555 timer tester is a simple circuit that serves to test the condition of IC 555. 555 timer circuit tester, in principle, start the timer 555 in astable multivibrator mode. As an indicator of the status of the timer 555 good condition or damaged to use 2 pieces LED which will light up in a blink alternately when the timer 555 in good condition.  And only one will turn on or off all the timer 555 when the condition is broken. 555 timer circuit tester is powered using 9 Volt DC voltage source. Complete circuit tester 555 as follows. Tester schematic How to use 555 timer tester is in conjuction with IC 555 to test the existing IC socket according to the orderbutton. Then activate the power switch to begin testing the 555 timer ic. Then live we observe the LED indicators 2buah before, whether flashing alternately (good) or not blink or even die all (timer 555 damaged).

The existence of the peak indicator (Audio Peak Indicator) in an audio device is needed. Audio Peak indicator is a simple circuit to detect the peak level of audio signal. Audio Peak indicator circuit is built with duabuah transistor and LED indicator as peak level detection of audio signals.  The main function of a series of Audio Peak indicator is to determine the occurrence of the peak level of audio signal which is more than +4 dB, equivalent to 1.25 V rms. If the received audio signal Audio Peak Indicator more than +4 dB was the LEDs in series Peak Audio This indicator will light. Audio Peak indicator circuit is mounted on the output audio system. Audio peak indicator Audio Peak Indicator Component List: R1 = 10Kohm R2 = 1.2Kohm R3 = 220Kohm R4 = 4.7Kohm R5 = 4.7Kohm C1 = 47uF 25V C2 = 2.2uF 25V Q1 = BC550C Q2 = BC550C D1 = Red Led

Battery level indicator circuit is a circuit that is used to measure the battery voltage / battery. The main components of the battery level indicator circuit is an LM3914 IC. LM 3914 on Circuit battery level indicator is a monolithic IC that detects an analog voltage. And drive the 10 LEDs that produce a linear analog display on a given input voltage. IC LM3914 is easy to get in the market and not expensive. IC LM3914 battery level indicator on the circuit is often encountered in a series of peak indicator audio signals in analog audio equipment. Battery level indicator circuit consists of IC LM3914, 10 pieces of LED, and a few resistors. The scheme of  battery level indicator can be seen below. LM3914 battery level indicator In the circuit of the battery level indicator on the supply circuit voltage taken from the battery / batteries through a switch. Didesaimn this circuit will only display the battery level when the switch is pressed. This is intended to save the battery v...

Is is easy to test the polarity of a circuit’s point whether it is positive or negative by using the tester circuit featured here. The tester circuit has a high input impedance (around 1 megaohms) to avoid loading the point being tested. In testing sensitive points however, (inputs of opamps), the input impedance must be taken into consideration. The opamp 741 is the core of the polarity indicator circuit. Its non-inverting input is used to test the points for polarity. It has a gain of around 150 which enables it to test low voltage levels. The test result is displayed through the two LED’s D1 and D2. D1 lights up by positive polarity and D2 lights up by negative polarity. Take note that the pin profile on the diagram is based on the TO-5 package profile.

The most simple polarity protection tehnique is to connect a series diode to the power line input. The diode conducts only when the power supply protection is correct. But the incovenient is that at higher current levels, the voltage drops and power loss of the diode affects the power level adversely. This polarity protection circuit is dimensioned for 12 V power supplies and avoids the voltage and power loss problem. By correct polarity, the current flowing to the D1 and the relay coil causes the relay contacts to activate. The NO contact closes powering the electronic device. The NC contact opens and the current supplying the relay coil is reduced to a low level just enough to maintain relay activation. source [ link ]

The following sequence is useful to show the battery voltage (battery) 12 volts. Voltage level is shown with four lights led. To facilitate the reading of the led is arranged in a vertical array. Led top three chosen by the green LED while the lowest is selected the color red. If the battery voltage continues to decline (because of usage), the Led-Led will turn off sequentially from the top to the bottom. Until if battery voltage is below 11.83 volts then only the red LED that lights up which means that the charge batteries are empty. Even this red Led will die if the stress continues to drop to below 11.5 volts. The working principle of this circuit is a comparison of battery voltage with a reference voltage. Schematic Battery level indicator