Power Amplifier

In this section discuss about the series of mini fm transmitter, with broadcast coverage of about 300-400 meters. when using a 9 volt working voltage, the transmit power of about 300 meters and when using the working voltage 12 volts, the range of about 400-450 meters, depending on the antenna you use. This scheme of simple fm transmitter For L1 and L2 windings 5 times the wrap, you can use a pen to fill melilitnya so neat and after lepaslah content of these pens. C5 is used for placement of broadcasting frequencies, can be tuned between 88-108 mhz, to reach further use steering antenna or Yagi antenna. Part List C1 = 0.001uF C2 = 5.6pF C3 = 10uF C4 = 10uF C5 = 3 - 18pF Adjustable capacitor R1 = 270R R2 = 4.7K R3 = 10K R4 = 100K R5 = 4.7K R6 = 4.7K Q1 = 2N2222A Q2 = 2N3904 L1 = 5 turn L2 = 5 turn

FM Modulator circuit is a simple FM modulation circuit using IC 555, where the resulting modulated signal has a tenuous meeting depends on the signal frequency information.  The resulting signal can be spelled out quite nice and stable so that the result will be more perfect. No winding or inductor in series modulator, so you do not need to bother to make a winding and calculate the value of the coil that you created it. With this circuit the desired value of frequency modulation can be obtained easily by calculating the frequency of IC 555 in general, which is determined by the resistor 6.8 K and 3.3 K and 0.1 UF capacitor. To obtain the other frequencies of your stay replace one or all three components. Actually fm modulator ic 555 circuit is very simple though, but I think it reliable enough to handle a simple application purposes that do not require a big power or a very high frequency. But if you want more power you can add the RF amplifier circuit at the output of this circui...

Pulse generator circuit above is a pulse generator that uses logic gates. There are so many types and variations that can generate a series of pulses. The simplest is the use of transistors or often called a flip-flop. There also are using integrated circuit such as IC 555. There's more to exploit the resonance of the capacitor and inductor relationship as oscillators. To be sure whatever form and whatever the circuit components used must be able to generate electric waves which have a peak voltage (logic 1) and valleys (logic 0) is continuous. Any variation of pulse generator circuit design has advantages and disadvantages of each, just how your decision for the appropriate circuit. For example to create a clock signal for a simple utility that you can only take advantage of the transistor but if you need a more accurate clock signal and form a perfect balance you can use IC Astable or logic gates. Or perhaps you need a signal with very high frequency (up to MHz) you can use a com...

RF amplifier IC is a type of electronic amplifier used to convert low-power radio frequency signal into a larger signal strength is important, usually for driving a transmitting antenna. This is usually optimized for high-efficiency, high output power (P1dB) of compression, loss of income on the input and output, better benefits, and optimal heat dissipation. RF Amplifier IC To make our amplifiers can also use transistors or IC OP Amp. In the op amp is actually a transistor that is in the form of a series so it's easier to use. Suppose that is used in the amplifier IC Op Amp 741 is a monolithic high performance electronic components that use Fairchild epitacial process. IC Op Amp 741 is an IC in which packed a differential circuit. The data sheet of IC Op Amp 741.

Overview of IC LM2917 as Frequency to Voltage Converter IC LM2917 IC chip is designed specifically as a Frequency to Voltage Converter or Frequency to Voltage converter. In its use to applications Frequency to Voltage Converter IC LM2917 requires few external components. There are several examples of applications of Frequency to Voltage Converter IC LM2917 is supplied in the LM2917 IC datahseet. In this article series Frequency to Voltage Converter IC also taken from the LM2917 datasheet. The advantages of single chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter is able to provide instantaneous volt output o at time of frequency change 0 Hz. Very easy to apply in measuring the output frequency with the formulation of single-chip Frequency to Voltage Converter VOUT = FIN x VCC x R1 x C1. Then the single-chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter This configuration requires only the RC only in frequncy doublings. And has an internal zener regulator to aimlessly accuracy and stability in frequen...

Changing the voltage to frequency scale in the design of an electronic device is sometimes necessary. The series of articles voltage to frequency converter with the XR 4151 is one answer. Voltage to Frequency converter circuit with the XR 4151 is the idea of time in college, when there are projects to create a tool to hatch chicken eggs. It will be my neighbor also write articles incubators chicken egg-based microcontroller AT89C2051. Maybe there are friends who still remember to this project. Back to the topic of voltage to frequency converter circuit with the XR 4151. IC XR 4151 is a major component of voltage to frequency converter (Voltage to Frequency Converter). From voltage to frequency converter circuit with XR 4151 on the input signal circuit is a DC voltage level. IC XR4151 on voltage to frequency converter circuit serves to convert the voltage level coming into form in the development of the frequency change, where the output frequency range of voltage to frequency converter...

Colpitts oscillator is very similar to the shunt-fed Hartley oscillator. The principal difference is in the tank circuit. In the Colpitts oscillator, two capacitors are used as replacement coils are divided. Basic oscillator Feedback oscillator colpitts developed using the "electrostatic field" through the capacitor divider network. Oscillator Colpitts Colpitts oscillator frequency is determined by two capacitors connected in series and inductors. Voltage to the base provided by R1 and R2 while for emiitor given by R4. Collector voltage given back by connecting to the positive part of the VCC through R3. This resistor (R3) also functions as a collector load. Transistor is connected with the emitter-joint configuration. When the DC power supplied to the circuit, current flows from the negative part of V CC through R4, Q1 and R3. IC currents flowing through R3 causes a decrease in the voltage VC with a positive price. Voltage changes to negative direction are supplied to the to...

The series is a series of input buffer equal to the output. In this is such a common collector circuit of air-reinforcement = 1. R value attached to restrict the current use is issued. Great value depends on the indication of its components, is usually not installed or flow is maximized in accordance with the op-amp capability. Buffer circuit here serves to reinforce the clock signal and synchronization for robust enough to be transmitted through a cable with a considerable distance. buffer circuit should have a fairly low output impedance. because the synchronization clock line and this is the track "bus" that is connected to a series of client (branch) in parallel. output current should also be quite large, so as to move a few branches. output buffer in addition to pulse and synchronization signals can also be used as a source of supply. Buffer circuit using Darlington pairs that have the advantage as expected above. strengthening the buffer is quite high. R base serves as ...

Ultrasonic Wave Receiver Ultrasonic recipients will receive an ultrasonic signal emitted by an ultrasonic transmitter in accordance with the characteristic frequency. Received signal is going through the process of filtering using the frequency band pass filter circuit, with a frequency value that is passed has been determined. Then the output signal will be amplified and passed to the comparator circuit (comparator) with a reference voltage determined based on the amplifier output voltage when the distance between the sensor mini vehicles with bulkhead / retaining walls to reach the minimum distance for the turn direction. Comparator output can be considered under these conditions is high (logic '1 '), while longer distances are low (logica'0'). Binary logics are then forwarded to the circuit controller (microcontroller). The working principle of ultrasonic wave receiver circuit are as follows: First - the first received signal will be strengthened first by the circuit...

Low pass filter is a low-pass filter with low frequency signals but attenuates (reduces the amplitude of) signals with frequencies higher than cutoff frequency. The actual amount of damping for each frequency varies from filter to Filtering. Sometimes called-high-cut filter, or treble cut filter when used in audio applications. Low-low pass filter is the opposite of the band-pass filter. Low Pass Filter Basic Circuit The concept of low-pass filter exists in many forms, including electronic circuits (like a hiss filter used in audio), digital algorithms for smoothing data sets, acoustic barriers, blurring the image, and so forth.

Multivibrator is a relaxation oscillator type. This circuit uses the RC network and the region contribute to the square wave output. Astabel multivibrator used in the TV receiver to control the electron beam on the picture tube. In this series of computers used to develop the pulse time. Astabil Multivibrator circuit HOW TO WORK A multibrator consists of two cross-coupled amplifier. The amplifier output is one connected to another amplifier wedding. Because each penguata reverse input signal, the combined effect of this is in the form of positive feedback. With the feedback posotif, the oscillator will always get the extra energy (regenerative) and produces a continuous output. The picture above shows the multivibrator circuit using 2 pieces of bipolar transistors with common emitter configuration. R1 and R2 provide bias voltage developed at the base of each transistor. Holding capacitor C1 to the base collector Q1 Q2. Q2 together with capacitor C2 to the base of Q1. Because of this cr...

AM Transmitter circuit  To this powerful AM transmitters are huge, using ceramic tuning 3.587 mhz resonator and resonator filters are also sold with a value of 5.5 mhz, 7.7 mhz and 10.7 mhz. Distance transmitter range is approximately 2-4 km. the working principle of this circuit are filter resonator/ceramic filters raise the frequency of the value of the resonator filter. This frequency is amplified by the transistor can be changed t1. Frequency so need C7 as a regulator / placement. sound signal superimposed over the audio transformer.frekuensi which awakened by resonator filters and t1 is fed to the next amplify strengthened so as to achieve the desired power passed to antenna. t2 and t3 as a buffer as a final power amp. AM Transmitter Schematics AM radio / receiver circuit For AM radio because it's hard to find IC ZN 414 then now could be replaced with the equivalent of IC MK 484. Frequency coverage between 550 kHz-1600 mhz...

IC Timer 555 has a basic PWM controller with pulse width control feature 0 .. 100% which is controlled using the R1, at the time of controlling the oscillator frequency relatively stabi so it may be used to build the Simple PWM controller. Frequency of Simple PWM controller 555 depending on the value of R1 and C1, values ​​shown R1 and C1 will form the output with a frequency of 170 to 200 Hz. Diode-diode used in the Simple PWM controller With this 555 can use a 1N4148. R2, R3 and C3 form a giver triger circuit beginning at the reset IC 555 for 2 seconds. If you want to use a series of Simple PWM controller 555 with the V + not +12 V, it does not matter to raise tilapia R2 where (V + * R2) / (R2 + R3) is about 2, because it limits the signal level reset is 0.5 .. 1V. If you do not do that, then signal the kickstart to get too close to the limit reset signal reception. PWM controller circuit Q output of 555 on the Simple PWM controller circuit 555 is used for driver PWM pulse, so that t...

The series that we will make this is a special electronic circuit can be used to detect the presence or absence of signal AF / RF. The circuit is very neat and simple to make. Costs it takes quite cheap. If you are already assembling this circuit, then with easy reader determine whether there is AF or RF signal at a particular section of a circuit. Basic circuit uses an audio amplifier and a loudspeaker with switch input for AF and RF signals. The whole device can be made small as possible so it can be included in a container to maintain security. Audio amplifier section in this series created by IC TDA 2822M, with low stereo power amplifier in 8-pin mini-DIP. IC is used as a bridge cofiguration to shrink to 250 mW output power, loudspeaker handle 4 ohm, 500mW. The current required is less than 10mA with voltage of 3V battery. RF-AF signal detector schematics How it Works circuit When the selector switch in the AF position, wor...

IC MSP 34X0G is a single chip that can process voice signals to all TV standard International, and very good for the digital NICAM stereo. In the IC has several advantages, namely: Communication using the I2C bus control Selection of a voice signal automatically (mono / stereo / bilingual) Loudspeaker / headphones are equipped with volume control, bass, treble, loudness and balance Loudspeaker outputs are equipped with MDB (Micronas Dynamic Bass) AVC: Automatic Volume Correction Equipped with Sub woofer output Have facilities 5-Band graphic equalizer for loudspeaker Equipped spatial effect for loudspeaker Equipped with a matrix of voters in / out Has a SCART 4 stereo inputs, one mono input and 2 stereo SCART output Block diagram of circuit in the IC MSP34X0G