Power Amplifier

Digital visitor counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting Number of Persons/ Visitors in the Room very Accurately. When somebody enters into the Room then the Counter is Incremented by one and when any one leaves the room then the Counter is Decremented by One. The total number of Persons inside the Room is displayed on the seven segment displays.The microcontroller do the above job it receives the signals from the sensors, and this signals operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Digital visitor counter Digital visitor counter

Digital Control System  is a branch of the control system with continuous time processes in the region associated with the digital controller as the controller of the control elements that control systems and computing discrete time. Depending on requirements, a digital controller can be shaped microcontroller and ASIC to a standard desktop computer. Because the digital computer system is discrete, then the Laplace transform is used in the control system is replaced with the Z-transform. Therefore, you must understand about the concept of continuous time and discrete time concept. Flow Chart - Digital Control system applications Digital computer also has a limited precision (See quantization) extra care needed to ensure that errors in the coefficients, A / D conversion, D / A conversion, etc. do not produce unwanted effects or planned. The application of digital control can easily be done when used in a feedback form. Since the creation of the first digital computer in the e...

The LM231/LM331 family of voltage-to-frequency converters  are ideally suited for use in simple low-cost circuits for analog-to-digital conversion, precision frequency-to-voltage conversion, long-term integration, linear frequency modulation or demodulation, and many other functions Voltage-to-frequency converters LM231/LM331 Features Voltage-to-frequency converters LM231/LM331 : - Guaranteed linearity 0.01% max - Improved performance in existing voltage-to-frequency conversion applications - Split or single supply operation - Operates on single 5V supply - Pulse output compatible with all logic forms - Excellent temperature stability, ±50 ppm/°C max - Low power dissipation, 15 mW typical at 5V - Wide dynamic range, 100 dB min at 10 kHz full scale - Wide range of full scale frequency, 1 Hz to 100 kHz - Low cost

Microcontroller to RS-485 circuit | RS-485 bus can carry up to 256 transceiver modules and over long distances . This is a circuit for connect microcontroller with Rs-485 bus. Max485 Max485 are low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication. Each part contains one driver and one receiver. Line Length vs. Data Rate The RS-485/RS-422 standard covers line lengths up to 4000 feet. For line lengths greater than 4000 feet, see Typical Applications The MAX481, MAX483, MAX485, MAX487–MAX491, and MAX1487 transceivers are designed for bidirectional data communications on multipoint bus transmission lines. Microcontroller to RS-485 circuit  diagrams Features - In μMAX Package: Smallest 8-Pin SO - Slew-Rate Limited for Error-Free Data Transmission - 0.1μA Low-Current Shutdown Mode - Low Quiescent Current - -7V to +12V Common-Mode Input Voltage Range - Three-State Outputs - 30ns Propagation Delays, 5ns Skew - Full-Duplex and H...

Usb series player is an electronic device or electronic circuit that functions as an MP3 player that is stored on a storage device such as USB flash. In this usb circuit using an IC as a modifier of digital voice data into analog so that it can be applied to a headphone, or again through the power amlplifier strengthened so that it can be heard through the speakers. IC used in this circuit using IC PCM2902 as a modifier of a digital data into analog data storage. Below is a schematic diagram of a USB player. Schematic usb player

However, if this is your aboriginal activity with an HC908 MCU, it is simpler to alpha from a allotment with the user adviser already programmed and known-good hardware, as the bargain M68DEMO908QT4 amateur kit. A QT dent programmed with a tiny user-monitor allows the user to amount appliance programs, abode breakpoints and watch variables with about no aerial for the affairs running. ICD approach requires aloof one pin (PTA0) for abstracts transfer, a pushbutton to accumulate PTA2 ashore during reset, and a atomic interface for the PC consecutive port: see [3] [4] for a ambit schematic (compatible with the DVD-thermometer) and abundant programming explanations. A actual advantageous affection of the QT MCU is accouterments abutment for one-pin ICD (in-circuit debug), authoritative an adversary accidental for best developers. The ambit will not add aloof addition cable to the AV tangle: it is array powered. Four AA beef accumulation a absolute of 6 volts. Notably, a voltage regulator i...

The new archetypal of RS485 advocate overcomes the RTS controlled botheration accomplished by our chargeless design. However, to do that requires a microprocessor, so there is a greater complication to the design. We advertise this unit, although currently we are attached our sales to barter who can pay by coffer alteration – which in absoluteness is bounded Australian companies.  This architecture has been almost agitation free, and if you crave quantities we can acclimate the adapter pinout to clothing your appliance – about again the accessory will no best fit the simple little D25 case in which you see it pictured. Click image to view larger RS232 to RS485 Circuit * Data (vs RTS) controlled – does not rely on PC handshake timing * DB25 RS232 connector compatible with PC * TxD and RxD translated from RS232 to RS485 * Direction of transmission controlled by Data * Handshake loop the PC connection so it works with all software * RS485 signals output on D9 male with lots of Ground ...

Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC can be used to measure voltage and current simultaneously. The series of volt meters & ampere meter with PIC16F876A PIC is used as a data processor voltage and current are measured.  This circuit uses the viewer in the form of 16 × 2 LCD used for the data menmpilkan voltage and current measurements. In the article volt meter and ampere meter with PIC are discussed kerannya limited to devices only. More detail can be seen from the image sequence volt meter and ampere meter with PIC below.  The images of Volt Meter & Ampere Meter With PIC Circuit Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC  

Programming Learning MCS51 Learning Programming MCS51 becomes mandatory we learn if we want to use the MCS51. In the first part of this Learning Programming MCS51 we will learn together about the basic programming language MCS51 microcontroller. Where to program MCS51 outline there are 2 core parts of pemrogramanya language is "Words Work" and "Object". In the article Programming MCS51 this first part we will study first the "verb" is a command group Peng-copies of data, the command group arithmetic and logic command group. Reference to DATA IN PROGRAMMING MCS51 Data can be in many different places, thus known a few ways to describe the data (in English often referred to as 'Addressing Mode'), among others, as follows: The mention of constant data (immediate addressing mode): MOV A, # $ 20. Constant data is data that was in the instructions. Examples of this instruction has the data meaning a constant $ 20 (as a constant data marked with '#...

Microcontroller Interface Engineering With ADC 0804 In ADC 0804 interface techniques with microcontrollers are pin-pin control must be controlled if we want to use the ADC with the microcontroller, there is value addition refferensi voltage to be supplied in 0804 ADC interface with a microcontroller, for example, we use the 0804 ADC (8 bit), if we give refferensi voltage 2.55 volts then we will get the increase of 1 bit to change 10 mVolt. Please note that the 0804 ADC pin on the leg that is form Vref Vref / 2, so to get a 10mV resolution is necessary for setting Vref / 2 equal to 1.275 V The interface circuit microcontroller with ADC 0804 Mechanical interface microcontroller with ADC 0804 The steps in accessing data from the ADC 0804 by the microcontroller sebgai follows; Enable ADC with signal 0 at the foot of Chip Select. Give commands from conversion by providing a low pulse to the foot of the ADC Write narrow Wait for the ADC issued a signal 0 from his leg INT Give a moment of tim...

Doubler Digital Frequency circuit includes a simple and easy to understand. Digital Frequency Doubler circuit application contained in the system electronics such as audio-producing organ, or keyboard. The function of this series Digital Frequency Doubler for multiplying two input frequencies. The process of multiplying 2 on scales in an organ in principle is like this series Digital Frequency Doubler. Example of rising to a ringing tone DO RE then electronically technique in it is by multiplying the two frequency bands such as this series Digital Frequency Doubler. Digital Frequency Doubler.

Make a line follower robot can be done with two transistors. Line Follower Robot series is one of the two transistors contor robot line follower circuit is in Bagun with two NPN transistor and the motor driver as well as processing of sensor signals. In the circuit of line follower robot consists of two parts of the same, only different functions for the motor driver the right and left. Sensor circuit of line follower robot uses the LDR and LED. LDR sensor sensitivity can be set with the VR 10 is mounted in series with the LDR. For more details, see the following figure. Line Follower Robot series 2 Transistor The working principle of the motor driver circuit between the right and left together, when the LDR get the reflection of light from the LED LDR resistance will decrease and make the transistor saturation and motor gets supply and rotates so that the robot moves forward. So at the moment is not the case then the motor did not get a supply, for example, only one sensor is exposed ...

The displayor using a 7 segment display in electronic device applications is drain port of a microcontroller or data that would point in the show, especially when the data would be displayed more than 1 digit. necessary path to control the resources of each 7 segment and the path to input data on the 7 segment.  Series Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex is a way to save the port or microcontroller data path that will be displayed. Series Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex uses BCD to 7 segment decoder 74LS247 BCD to encode data from the data that will be displayed, then for each resource viewer 7 segment using the set of transistors as electronic switches. Current flowing in the viewer in a series of 7 segment Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex is in limiting use yag resistor in series pairs in each collector transistor. Image Series Display 7 Segment 4 Digit Multiplex Configuration circuit components 7 Segment 4 Digit Display Multiplex The legs LT, RBI, RBO in this circuit is n...

Easy Downloader Circuit Atmel microcontroller series AT89Cxx51 Easy Downloader is one of the downloader that is often used to write data to program the Atmel microcontroller AT89CXX51. Easy Downloader AT89Cxx51 ATMEL microcontroller is using the serial port as a channel of communication with the computer.  Easy Downloader ATMEL Microcontroller AT89Cxx51 can be used to program Atmel AT89CXX51 in parallel. Atmel microcontroller series AT89Cxx51 Easy Downloader is quite simple to make your own because the components necessary to membutanya not complex. Atmel microcontroller series AT89Cxx51 Easy Downloader do not support the serial programming microcontrollers ISP. In the article Easy Downloader ATMEL Microcontroller AT89Cxx51 only displays images Easy Downloader Microcontroller series from Atmel AT89Cxx51 only and are simple.

Real time controller AT89C2051 Real time controller is a device used to exercise control over household device continuously ongoing and scheduled. The series of Real Time Controllers with microcontroller AT89C2051 which dituls in this article is a tool that can do that serve targeted. The series of Real Time Controller with Microcontroller AT89C2051 Atmel AT89C2051 uses a data processor and controller as device installed.  In the application directly devices requires a separate interface from a wide range of Real Time Controllers with this AT89C2051 microcontroller. When will connect the device with the AC power source to use interface optocoupler (MOC) or solid state relay. Devices that can be connected with the series of Real Time Controller with Microcontroller AT89C2051 include lights, water machines, fans, electronic gate. The series of Real Time Controllers with this AT89C2051 microcontroller to control a height of water level, controlling the flame lights the scheduled SCARA...

SMS Remote controller is a device used to control a device remotely using SMS through GSM mobile phones. Process control equipment with a series of AVR ATTiny To SMS Remote Controller can be used to control life and death of these equipment will provide information on the status of replies to our phone in return successful command execution.  Equipment can be controlled by a series of AVR ATTiny To SMS Remote Controller include lights, water pumps, garage doors, gates and much more. AVR series ATTiny To SMS Remote controller uses the module-47 Sony ericson GM as recipient and sender of the SMS module. Then to the SMS data processor on a series of AVR ATTiny To SMS Remote controller is using AVR microcontroller ATTiny 2313. Series AVR ATTiny To SMS Remote Controller SMS Remote controller circuit Click to view larger.  AVR circuit this part ATTiny To SMS Remote Controller AVR series ATTiny To SMS Remote controller uses the AVR attiny2313 with 4MHz clock frequency, GSM Modu...

Flash Converting - ADC 207 ADC 207 is the first to use Flash Converting An Advanced High Speed ​​VLSI 1.2 micron CMOS process. The process that is able to do the ADC 207 as mentioned earlier is very great and makes the ADC 207 is unique. The speed of the process of this ADC has a good linearity and have a stable temperature. ADC 207 has a lower power consumption is 250 mW. ADC is working with +5 VDC voltage source and at a frequency of 20 MHz. ADC 207 has a small sampling time is 12nS, thus making the ideal sampling results. ADC 207 has 128 features auto balanced comparators with each conversion that serves to offset temperature and dynamic effects that exist. Resistor ladder in the ADC 207 has a mid point that is connected to an external voltage source and function in the conversion of 7-bit linearity. ADC 207 has 3 levels of output that is easy to connect it with external components. ADC 207 Architecture Feature ADC 207 7-bit flash A / D Converter Sampling frequency of 20 MHz Low po...

The tool that I made and I discuss in this article I give the name USB SPDIF DACEvery word in the name corresponds to the function of the tool that I made this. USB, this device serves to take the music information in digital form from a computer via the USB port SPDIF, this tool can output digital music information received through the USB port, through the SPDIF output terminal that is also present in this device, so if you have a DAC that does not have a USB input, you can still use and do not need to buy a new DAC that has an input USB. DAC, this tool can convert the digital signals derived from the USB port, an analog signal, which you can connect to the amplifier to the ahirnya you can hear the speaker Scheme of the USB DAC can be seen in Figure 1 below. Click to view larger. | Figure 1 As you can see on the schematic in Figure 1 above, which is the heart of the circuit is IC USB DAC PCM2902 made ​​by Texas Instrument, other than that I also added a digital SPDIF output isolation...

This series is the volume of the digital amplifier That is used on or tone control. This series ic type using DS1669 Digital Pot IC specifically for this volume match. a series of settings used at the middle-class amplifier That small powerless under 50 watts.volum11components: C1 = 0.1uf Ceramic, IC = IC DS1669 Digital Pot, S1 / S2 = digital swicthOr you can use the series to this one:volum2The Work: The digital volume control IC uses 9. Click to view larger. Required to operate the series voltage regulator is 12 volts. IC1 (555) is very good to work as a flip-flop. Frequency or period can be determined with selecting value of resistor R44, R45 is combined with a capacitor C6. In this series has a 0.3 second period.IC2 is used to Decrease or increase of the calculation. In the series of this mode is used to raise up and down mode is used to Decrease the volume.  While IC4 and IC3 has a 16-channel, analogue multiplexers, while working as an analog switch. IC3 is used as in the seri...

Running LED with 4017 complete with PCB layout. The series of 8 LED current is the basis for creating an 8-point LED. Slightly different from the running LED with IC 4017 (decade counter), 8 running this led is lit in sequence, but that has been previously flame does not die when the led is lit afterwards. 8 led to death after led to the fire-8. Meanwhile in the running LED (decade counter), the system LED lights like "point", there is only one LED that flashes between the tenth led. The main component is the IC 74LS164 (SHIFT REGISTER), with its timer is astable multivibrator circuit (using IC NE555). The series will be more efficient when using a stable power supply (regulator) using IC Regulator 7805. Under this scheme a series of stable power supply 5 volts dc.