Power Amplifier

The article "Creating a Line Follower Robot with AVR [Censorship]" is a continuation of Line Follower Robot article with a new AVR ATMega8535 samapai phase Line Follower Robot block diagram. In the article "Creating a Line Follower Robot with AVR Part 1 [Sensor]" This is a review of the sensor used on Line Follower Robot, and the components used. Sensors, can be analogous to the 'eye' of a robot that serves to 'read' the black line of the track robot or vice versa. So that the robot is able to know when he will turn right, when he turned left and when he stopped. Sensors used are usually photo reflector, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), Photo Diodes and Photo Transistor - mounted on the front two or more below the line follower robot.There also are using the camera as a sensor (or image sensor) to a higher-resolution readout line, making more accurate robot motion. Line Follower Robot Sensor circuit with AVR ATMega Robot Sensor circuit with AVR ATMega...

Digital Thermometer 0-100.0°Celsius Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C is a digital thermometer that operates in mode temperature measurement in Celsius (° C). Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C in this article using the form data processing microcontroller AT89C4051. Temperature sensors used in Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor LM35D. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It uses the temperature measurement data viewer in the form of 1 line LCD viewer. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It can display the temperature measurement data with a resolution of 0.1 ° C. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C  Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These temperature sensors make use of LM35D as temperature sensing. In Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor measurement data this LM35D (Level Voltage) is then converted into 4-bit binary data using the ADC CA3162. Then the 4-bit data from ADC CA3162 which is a measurement of data if the temperature is in the AT89C4951 microcon...

Fire alarm can be made with a light sensor (LDR) as in the article with the title of Fire Alarm with this LDR sensor. Principles of fire detection Fire Alarm with LDR sensor is to detect the presence of smoke through the LDR. LDR in the series Fire Alarm does not stand alone in detecting a fire, but the LDR in the pair with the light shining on the LDR. Hence, in the detected smoke from the fire then the intensity of light received by the LDR LDR decreases and eventually trigger an alarm system on a series of Fire Alarm with this LDR sensor. Part 2 that in the series of Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR are some of the sensors, tone generator, audio power. Image Series Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR Function Section of the Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR Part of LDR and light sensor facing to fire smoke detection Part trigger using transistors and regulators as a trigger tone generator 7805 Tone generator section with IC UM66 Power audio section uses an audio power IC TDA 2002 which is equipped with v...

Infrared light has a difference with ordinary light in general. We can see clearly when a light or light on an object. As with the infrared light we can not see the manifestation of these rays. Frankly I can not answer when asked why the infrared rays are not visible in the eyes of us. So at night do not hope you can make light by using infrared light. One thing that is often heard from many people that infrared light can utilized for the functions of a camera that can see in dark conditions is often called an infrared camera. Actually I have explained the working principles of electronic circuit section in this blog is about the basic working principle of a series of infrared sensors are simple. To design this sensor circuit you should not find trouble if you ever make another series of sensors. It's just that the sensor circuit consists of the transmitter and receiver, to learn the basic principles of this series of infrared you can see in the Basic Principles Series Infrared Tra...

Alcohol Gas Sensor MQ-3 is an alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting levels of alcohol directly, for example on our breath. Alcohol Sensor MQ-3 has high sensitivity and fast response time. Alcohol Sensor MQ-3 series drivers for alcohol Sensor MQ-3 is very simple, only need 1 piece of variable resistors. Output of Sensor MQ-3 alcohol in the form of an analog voltage that is proportional to the alcohol content is received. The necessary interface is quite simple, can use the ADC that can respond to voltage 0 volt - 3.3 volt saja.Nilai mounted resistors must be differentiated for various types of gas concentration. So need to be calibrated to 0.4 mg / L (about 200ppm) concentrations of alcohol in the air and on the output resistance of about 200K (100K to 470K) Alcohol Gas Sensor MQ-3 Featured Alcohol Gas Sensor MQ-3: Sensitivity to high alcohol and low on gasoline Fast response and high sensitivity Stable and durable 5VDC or AC voltage source Operating Temperature -10 70 degree C samap...

General picture of Hall Effect Sensors Magnetic Field Sensors as Hall effect sensor is a sensor used to detect the magnetic field. Hall Effect sensor will produce a voltage proportional to the magnetic field strength received by a Hall effect sensor tersebut.Sensor it only consists of a silicon layer and two electrodes on each side of the silicon. By the time without any influence of the magnetic field then the potential difference between the two electrodes is 0 Volt as an electric current flowing in the middle two electrodes. When there is a magnetic field affecting the sensor is the current that flows will turn close to / away from the side that is affected by magnetic fields. This results in a potential difference between the two electrodes of Hall effect sensors, where the potential difference is proportional to the magnetic field received by the hall effect sensor. Hall Effect Sensor Type UGN3503U Hall Effect Sensor Type UGN3503U One example is a sensor hall effect sensor UGN...

Electronic Component Temperature Sensor Electronic Component Temperature Sensor Electronic components that are used for temperature sensors, among others: NTC, PTC, Thermostat, IC LM35 temperature sensor, temperature sensor IC LM335 etc. To create a series of simple electronics of the temperature sensor of the basic components of the temperature sensor, the component needs to connect to the transistors or Op-Amp as driving to the end of the circuit.

Electronic Components As Light Sensor Electronic components are included in the category of light sensors is LDR, Photo Transistor, Photo Diode, Infrared Receiver. The function of the electronic component is to detect the intensity of light received by the component. The light sensor is often used in electronic equipment such as on television, light a light switch, light intensity measuring instrument. Electronic Components As Light Sensor 

Low current relay This low current relay circuit is designed to be used in battery operated electronic devices. Its operating current is in micro amperes (µA). This is done by using a bistable relay and adding some components to force the relay to behave like a monostable relay. A bistable relay stays at its last state when the power is turned off but consume at least 50mA trigger current. A monostable relay switches back to its original state when the power is turned off. How does the low current relay works? When the power is turned ON, the C1 charges via D1 and the relay coil and this current activates the relay. D1 ensures that the base of T1 is always more positive than its emitter and because of this T1 and T2 are always blocked. Once the power is turned OFF, the emitter of T1 is coupled to the charge voltage at the positive pole of C1. Its base and the relay coil on the other hand are coupled to the negative pole of C1 and now T1 and T2 conduct, C1 can discharge through T2 and r...

The circuit is very effective to test the remote controls what still works or not, the remote record will be tested using infra red. Examples of the TV remote, AC and others. Please try I am sure 100% will be successful. TV  Remote Tester Circuit The workings of the circuit is very simple, when the infra red sensor receive infrared signals pin 2 sensor will produce a voltage, this voltage will drives the PNP transistor so that the LED lamp and piezo disc (BZ) is active. for the power supply you can use a 9 volt battery and then use IC 7805 or use 1.5 volt batteries x 3 Following the specification of components installed Transistor BC557 TSOP 1738 Sensor Infra Red R1 = 10k ohm ¼ watt Resistor R2 = 1k ohm ¼ watt Resistor R3 = 1k ohm ¼ watt Resistor BZ = piezo disc led

The pressure sensor (MPX4100) MPX4100 is a pressure sensor that is equipped with signal conditioning circuit and temperature calibrator makes this sensor stable against temperature changes. For this sensor measurement accuracy using micro-machine techniques, thin film metalization and bipolar semiconductor process. With the signal conditioning circuit, this sensor can connect direct on Analogue to Digital Converter. Signal conditioning circuit generate analog voltage with Full Scale (Full Scale) to 5 Volt. This sensor has the ability to detect the pressure of 15 to 115 kilo Pascal and work under pressure difference between P1 and P2. P1 or Pressure Side consists of gel fluorisilicone that protect it from the objects hard. Pressure sensors on robotic applications are often used as feedback mechanic in which the system microcontroller can detect mechanical condition at the time it. For example to detect strong or weak grip of the robo...

Fire Sensor (Hamamatsu UVTRON) UVTRON Hamamatsu R2868 is a sensor that detects a flame fire that emit ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet light emitted from a candle flame is a 5 meter can be detected by this sensor. This sensor can also detect some unseen phenomena such as high voltage transmission. In order for this UVTRON sensors to connect to the system microcontroller then required a series of lawyer-signal condition that serves to change the response of UVTRON into pulses that can be recognized by the system microcontroller. With Module C3704 UVTRON response will then be processed into about 10 pulses mS and the maximum current 100mA. The output module uses the open configuration collector.

Strain gauges are electronic components that serves to measure the pressure or weight. "Strain Gauge"was first discovered by Edward E. Simmons in 1983 in the form of metal foil that is insulif (isolation) attached to the body weight pressure to be measured. In principle, if the strain gauge given the pressure of the electrical resistance strain gauge will change because the process of deformation in the strain gauge the magnitude of change in electrical resistance that would follow the change of the received pressure strain gauge.

Humidity Sensors with SHT11. SHT11 Humidity Sensors is a single chip relative humidity and temperature sensors with multi-sensor module that has been calibrated digital output. Section included a polymer capacity as eleman for relative humidity sensors and a ribbon strain used as temperature sensors. Output of both sensors are combined and connected on 14-bit ADC and a serial interface on a single chip the same. The sensor output signal aimlessly good with a fast response time. SHT11 Humidity Sensor was calibrated at room denagn humidity accurately using as a reference hygrometer. Calibration coefficients have been programmed into the OTP memory. Coefficient will be used to Calibration output from the sensor during the measurement process. Humidity Sensors Diagram Block Sensor system used to measure temperature and humidity are SHT11 Humidity Sensors with 5 Volt voltage source and bidirectonal 2-wire communication. This sensor system has a data pa...

Sensor Accelerometer MMA 3201 is a sensor used to measure the acceleration of motion of the payload when the payload was launched until the payload is delivered to the home again, Sensor Accelerometer MMA 3201 has a resistance to the gravitational force of 20g on the axis X and axis Y. Sensor Output Accelerometer MMA 3201 is still in the form of analog data so that the need for an ADC to process the data. Data released by Sensor Accelerometer MMA 3201 is a linear form of X and Y axis, the second determines the acceleration motion data payload. Accelerator sensor with MMA 3201 Feature Sensor Accelerometer MMA 3201 Sensitivity in two separate axes: 40g X-axis and 40g Y-axis Integral Signal Conditioning Linear Output Ratiometric Performance 4th Order Bessel Filter Preserves Pulse Shape Integrity Calibrated Self-test Low Voltage Detect, Clock Monitor, and EPROM Parity Check status Transducer Hermetically Sealed at Wafer Level for Superior Reliability Robust Design, High Shocks Survivabilit...

PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) motion detection sensor AMN12111 is the smallest of objects the size of its shape. PIR motion sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 fresneal come equipped with a lens. PIR motion sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 has advantages can be directly connected to the microcontroller or other actuator driver. PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 has a sensitivity that is very sensitive to changes in motion around it. PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 very suitable when applied to security systems. The price of the PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 not quite expensive. readily available in the market. For those of you who want to make a motion detection sensor. PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 is much easier and more practical than you have to make a series of Infra Red with the Tx and Rx.

CMPS03 Compass Module Overview Compass is a tool for navigation for a direction, a direction in this article referred to is the magnetic module CMPS03 Compas. Magnetic Compass Module CMPS03 often used in making robots in the contest. Magnetic Compass Module Functions in the contest  CMPS03 usually to provide a reference where the robots are in position and lead anywhere, then the position and direction provided by the Magnetic Compass Module reference sebgai CMPS03 the next robot motion. Magnetic Compass Module uses I2C data communication lines to mirokontroler. With adalanya I2C data communication lines from this CMPS03 this module can be connected directly to a microcontroller that suport with I2C data communication channels such as AVR ATMega. Magnetic Compass Module CMPS03 require 5 V voltage with 15mA current. CMPS03 Circuit Diagram Because the module using I2C Magnetic Compass CMPS03 we can use 5 lines are: VCC + 5 V on pin 1 SCL with Pull Up resistor 10 K SDA with Pull Up re...

Cal Sensors' has two new families of lead salt infrared detectors as well as the introduction of a new digital drive board. The new single channel detector (SCD) and multichannel detector (MCD) families provide sensitivity for a variety of infrared sensing applications. The SCD-13HV (single channel detector- high-value) PbS detectors are designed to meet requirements for high volume, cost-sensitive applications. SCD detectors provide sensitivity with typical D* from 9 x 1010 to 1.75 x 1011 Jones across the one to three micron wavelength range. Performance varies with element size and window type. All SCD-13HV products support a glass window or lens configuration. Three element sizes are available in industry standard packages for easy integration. For applications where size is critical, such as portable test equipment, the SCD-13HV line offers a 1 by 1 mm detector in a TO-46 can. Where greater field-of-view or larger element sizes are important, 2 and 3 mm square detector sizes ar...

One type of metal detector is a type of beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The methods used in metal detectors in general are changing the characteristics of the oscillator when there are close to the metal sensor. The detector works based on the resonant frequency that has been set change when there is a metal object is located quite close to the search coil sensors. Tuning circuit (tuned circuit) should be a part of our oscillator circuit so that if approached by a metal coil sensor specific hence the output frequency of the oscillation circuit is about to change. Variation changes the output frequency depends on the frequency chosen. The selection of the higher frequency will cause the circuit sensitivity increases because the greater the frequency change. Stay if the selection frequency is too high then the practice will produce a system that is not sensitive. This is because the high frequency of most will not be reflected back but will be absorbed by the soil, building materials. M...

Digital Thermometer 0-100.0°C is a digital thermometer that operates in modetemperature measurement in Celsius (° C). Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C in this article uses data processor in the form of a microcontroller AT89C4051. Temperature sensors used in Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor LM35D. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It uses the temperature measurement data viewer in the form of 1 line LCD viewer. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It can display the temperature measurement data with a resolution of 0.1 ° C. Digital Thermometer Circuit Diagram Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These temperature sensors make use of LM35D as temperature sensing. In Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor measurement data this LM35D (Level Voltage) is then converted into 4-bit binary data using the ADC CA3162. Then the 4-bit data from ADC CA3162 which is a measurement of data if the temperature is in the AT89C4951 microcontroller so that it becomes an oper...